A lottery is an arrangement in which the prizes are allocated by a process that relies wholly on chance. The prizes are a combination of money and goods, with the latter typically being of lesser value. Lotteries are usually operated by governments, although some private companies also promote them. Some states prohibit gambling; others permit it only under license.
Lotteries are often controversial, because some people see them as a way to avoid paying taxes. However, lottery supporters argue that they provide a legitimate alternative to direct taxation. They also argue that they help fund public projects and siphon dollars from illegal gambling, while being a more effective method than raising taxes.
In the United States, lotteries are state-sponsored games that use random numbers to select winners. They can be played by any adult who is physically present in a participating state and may purchase tickets across state lines. As of 2004, forty states and the District of Columbia operated a lottery, and all but one of them uses the profits to fund government programs.
The earliest lotteries offering tickets for sale with cash prizes were recorded in the Low Countries during the 15th century, but they probably originated much earlier. Town records from Ghent, Bruges, and other towns describe lotteries that raised funds for building town fortifications and helping the poor. The modern lottery, which is a popular form of entertainment, offers three basic types of prizes: money, goods, and services.